@Article{MouraCorVeiCapKub:2021:AvBrGl,
               author = "Moura, Rildo Gon{\c{c}}alves de and Correia, Francis Wagner Silva 
                         and Veiga, Jos{\'e} Augusto Paix{\~a}o and Capistrano, 
                         Vin{\'{\i}}cius Buscioli and Kubota, Paulo Yoshio",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz{\^o}nia (INPA)} and 
                         {Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA)} and {Universidade do 
                         Estado do Amazonas (UEA)} and {Universidade do Estado do Amazonas 
                         (UEA)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Avalia{\c{c}}{\~a}o do Brazilian global atmospheric model na 
                         simula{\c{c}}{\~a}o dos componentes do balan{\c{c}}o de 
                         {\'a}gua na bacia amaz{\^o}nica",
              journal = "Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia",
                 year = "2021",
               volume = "36",
               number = "1",
                pages = "23--37",
             keywords = "Amazon Basin, water balance, Brazilian Global Atmospheric Model 
                         (BAM), Bacia Amaz{\^o}nica, balan{\c{c}}o de {\'a}gua, Modelo 
                         Atmosf{\'e}rico Global Brasileiro (BAM).",
             abstract = "This study evaluated the performance of the Brazilian Global 
                         Atmospheric Model (BAM) in the representation of water balance 
                         components in the Amazon basin for the present climate 
                         (1979-2015). The BAM model reproduces the spacetemporal variation 
                         of the water balance components in the Amazon basin, despite the 
                         deficiency in correctly positioning the maximum precipitation and 
                         moisture convergence over the region. BAM underestimated 
                         precipitation (8,8%) and runoff (36,8%), and overestimated 
                         evapotranspiration (5,3%). Moisture sink behavior was well 
                         represented by BAM, since precipitation is always greater than 
                         evapotranspiration (P > E) in the Amazon basin. The non-closure of 
                         the water budget (52,6%) in the basin shows the limitation of BAM 
                         physical parameters in the representation of convection 
                         (precipitation) and moisture convergence, proving the need for 
                         better adjustments. Overall, despite underestimating rainfall, BAM 
                         adequately simulated annual and seasonal rainfall. The 
                         evapotranspiration was overestimated, especially in the rainy 
                         season, but was underestimated in the dry season. The results 
                         showed that BAM needs adjustments and calibration in the 
                         representation of surface processes, since it presented difficulty 
                         in simulating the seasonal variation of evapotranspiration. 
                         Systematic errors found in water balance components are of great 
                         importance in determining the degree of confidence for present 
                         climate simulations and future projections. RESUMO: Nesse estudo 
                         avaliou-se o desempenho do Brazilian Global Atmospheric Model 
                         (BAM) na representa{\c{c}}{\~a}o dos componentes do 
                         balan{\c{c}}o de {\'a}gua na bacia Amaz{\^o}nica para o clima 
                         presente (1979-2015). Os resultados mostram que o modelo BAM 
                         reproduz a varia{\c{c}}{\~a}o espa{\c{c}}o-temporal dos 
                         componentes do balan{\c{c}}o de {\'a}gua na bacia 
                         Amaz{\^o}nica, apesar da defici{\^e}ncia em posicionar 
                         corretamente os m{\'a}ximos de precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o e 
                         converg{\^e}ncia de umidade sobre a regi{\~a}o. O BAM subestimou 
                         a precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o (8,8%) e o escoamento superficial 
                         (36,8%), e superestimou a evapotranspira{\c{c}}{\~a}o (5,3%). O 
                         comportamento de sumidouro de umidade foi bem representado pelo 
                         BAM, pois a precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o {\'e} sempre maior que a 
                         evapotranspira{\c{c}}{\~a}o (P > E) na bacia Amaz{\^o}nica. O 
                         n{\~a}o fechamento do balan{\c{c}}o de {\'a}gua (52,6%) na 
                         bacia mostra a limita{\c{c}}{\~a}o das 
                         parametriza{\c{c}}{\~o}es f{\'{\i}}sicas do BAM na 
                         representa{\c{c}}{\~a}o da convec{\c{c}}{\~a}o 
                         (precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o) e converg{\^e}ncia de umidade, 
                         comprovando a necessidade de melhores ajustes e 
                         calibra{\c{c}}{\~a}o. De maneira geral, apesar de subestimar a 
                         precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o, o BAM simulou adequadamente a 
                         precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o anual e sazonal. A 
                         evapotranspira{\c{c}}{\~a}o foi superestimada, principalmente na 
                         esta{\c{c}}{\~a}o chuvosa, por{\'e}m foi subestimada na 
                         esta{\c{c}}{\~a}o seca. Os resultados mostraram que o BAM 
                         necessita de ajustes e calibra{\c{c}}{\~a}o na 
                         representa{\c{c}}{\~a}o de processos de superf{\'{\i}}cie, uma 
                         vez que, apresentou dificuldade na simula{\c{c}}{\~a}o da 
                         varia{\c{c}}{\~a}o sazonal da evapotranspira{\c{c}}{\~a}o. Os 
                         erros sistem{\'a}ticos encontrados nos componentes do 
                         balan{\c{c}}o de {\'a}gua s{\~a}o de grande import{\^a}ncia 
                         para determina{\c{c}}{\~a}o do grau de confian{\c{c}}a para 
                         simula{\c{c}}{\~o}es do clima presente e proje{\c{c}}{\~o}es 
                         futuras.",
                  doi = "10.1590/0102-77863540078",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-77863540078",
                 issn = "0102-7786",
             language = "pt",
           targetfile = "moura_avaliacao.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "09 maio 2024"
}